NE-CAT · Sector 24 · Advanced Photon Source

Welcome to the NE-CAT beamline guides

Four short, illustrated guides to what happens between the electron gun and your data. They follow the electrons into the storage ring, and then the X-rays through the optics to your crystal and the detectors around it.

New here? Start with guide 1 and read straight through. Back for one thing? Each guide stands on its own, so jump in anywhere.

1
Start here

How APS works

Where the electrons come from and how the ring holds on to them. The gun and the linac, the accumulator ring and the booster, the magnets that keep the beam small, the RF that pays back its energy, and swap-out injection.

  • Gun and linac
  • Booster
  • Seven-bend lattice
  • RF and bunches
  • Swap-out
Open guide 1 →
2
Then the beamline

How NE-CAT works

From the storage ring to the detector. How the electrons make X-rays, how the undulator gap and its harmonics set the energy, and what the monochromator, the mirrors and the sample station each do.

  • The storage ring
  • Undulator and harmonics
  • Monochromator
  • KB mirrors
  • Diffraction
Open guide 2 →
3
Go deeper

Why the X-ray beam is polarized

The beam's electric field swings from side to side, and almost never up and down. This guide follows that one property from the wiggling electron to the sample, and shows why it is not quite 100%.

  • A shaken charge
  • Relativity
  • Off-axis light
  • Mono and mirrors
  • Measuring it
Open guide 3 →
4
Put it to work

X-ray fluorescence at NE-CAT

What X-ray fluorescence is, which atoms in a protein crystal give it, and what it is used for: edge scans for phasing, and finding out which metal is there. Then where the fluorescence detector has to sit to see it clearly.

  • How an atom fluoresces
  • Which atoms
  • Edges and lines
  • The edge scan
  • Where the detector goes
Open guide 4 →

How the guides work

Pick your beamline

The Settings menu at the top of every guide switches the figures and the worked numbers between 24-ID-C and 24-ID-E, before and after the APS Upgrade. Your choice follows you from one guide to the next.

Play with the figures

Most figures have sliders, and many of them move. Drag things around and see what changes. Nothing here can break.

Open the math if you want it

Every equation is folded away under its figure, with a plain reading of what it says and a worked number. One button opens them all.

Check the fine print

Values that are assumed or calculated, and not taken from a published source, are marked in the tables of guides 1 and 2. Corrections are welcome.